Autonomous Vehicles and Insurance Law: Regulatory Challenges in Germany and the United States

Abstract

Background: The emergence of autonomous vehicles has disrupted traditional insurance models, raising critical legal and regulatory questions about liability and risk assessment. Germany and the United States, as leaders in automotive innovation, have adopted distinct approaches to address these challenges.
Objective: This study examines the regulatory frameworks governing insurance for autonomous vehicles in Germany and the United States. The objective is to identify gaps and propose legal reforms to ensure effective risk management and consumer protection.
Methodology: A doctrinal analysis of existing legislation, supplemented by case studies of accidents involving autonomous vehicles, forms the basis of this research. Interviews with regulators, insurers, and technology experts provide additional insights into emerging trends.
Findings: Germany’s centralized regulatory approach provides clarity on liability, with manufacturers often bearing responsibility. The United States, with its state-specific laws, struggles with inconsistencies, particularly in determining fault. A balanced approach integrating Germany’s clarity with the U.S.’s innovation flexibility could provide a robust framework for autonomous vehicle insurance globally.