International Insurance Law Review
type: channel
description: The International Insurance Law Review (IILR) is a prestigious academic journal dedicated to advancing the understanding of insurance law across jurisdictions. Renowned for its rigorous standards and commitment to quality, IILR serves as a global platform for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers to explore and discuss critical issues in the field of insurance law. International Insurance Law Review ISSN: 0968-2090 Publisher: Lumar Publications Email: editor@lumarpub.com Indexed by: Australian Business Dean Council (ABDC) - A Rating
publisher: Lumar Publications (lumarpub.com)
language: en
publication name: International Insurance Law Review
issn: 0968-2090
items: The Impact of Physical Activity on Mental Health in Adolescents
items: International Treaties Reservations: Legal Structure and Practical Implications
items: Addressing Gender Disparities in Physical Education: Strategies for Inclusive Programming
items: Populism and the Rise of Secessionist Movements in the European Union: A Geopolitical Analysis of Internal Fragmentation Dynamics
items: Managerial Accounting Concept and Function
items: The Principle of Equality in Holding Public Office: A Comparative Study
items: Environmental Administrative Decisions: A Fundamental Legal Study
items: Insurance Fraud Offense in the Algerian and American Systems: Between Theory and Application in Determining Criminal Liability Rules
items: Digital Marketing Automation and Sentiment Analysis Using NLP in Business Communication
items: The Role of Digital Capabilities in Driving Marketing Innovation and Business Performance: Evidence from Indian SMEs
items: International responsibility for the use of military drones : between the Legal vacuum and the inevitability of a transitional phase in the development of international law
items: City of God and Ethical Citizenship
items: Law and Social Change: The Impact of Legislation on Gender Equality
items: The Legal Architecture of Digital Agreements: A Comprehensive Examination of Contracts and Obligations in Electronic Commerce
items: Honorary Ranks for CAPFs: A Comparative Study of Military–Paramilitary Welfare Parity in India
items: Marketing and Consumer Engagement for Circularity
items: AI-driven augmented reality for immersive hospitality and tourism experiences
items: Understanding Gendered Perspectives of Experiential Marketing in Generation Z
items: Constitutional Validity of AI-Based Surveillance in India: Privacy vs. National Security
items: Next-Generation Sequencing and Artificial Intelligence in Prenatal Down Syndrome Screening: Legal and Regulatory Implications for Health Insurance, Medical Liability, and Genetic Data Protection
items: Quantum Enhanced Machine Learning Model for the Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease
items: DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN INSURANCE COMMERCE: CONSUMER ADOPTION PATTERNS AND MARKET IMPLICATIONS
items: Portfolio Optimization under Uncertainty: Evidence from Behavioural Biases and Risk-Adjusted Performance
items: Digital Banking and Customer Financial Behavior
items: A Cross-Platform Model of Audience Perception Toward Social Media Advertising: The Role of Format, Personalization, and Platform Context
items: A Quantum Cryptography Framework for Enhancing the Security in Wireless IoT Networks
items: Quantum Cryptanalysis: A Survey of Threats and Post-Quantum Countermeasures
items: Impact of Music Familiarity and Emotional Response on Consumer Brand Engagement: An Empirical Study
items: Digital Arrest in the Cyber World: Legal Challenges and the Quest for Justice
items: Safeguarding Consumer Data in Digital Insurance: Legal Frameworks and Ethical Imperatives

The Impact of Physical Activity on Mental Health in Adolescents
type: item
description: There are many changes occurring on a physical, emotional, and mental level throughout adolescence, a crucial time for growth and development. Having a healthy mind is crucial to your well-being at this stage of life. It has long been known that regular physical activity has a positive effect on mental health. In this study, we look at how exercise affects teenagers' mental well-being. the complex interplay between exercise and psychological well-being, taking into account the role of both the body and the mind. It delves at how playing sports, exercising, and engaging in leisure activities might impact one's mental and emotional health.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Physical activity, Mental health, Adolescents. Exercise
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Gabriel Mercer
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Insurance Law Review https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-18
publication date: 2026-05-18
starting page: 143
ending page: 147
doi: 10.65677/

International Treaties Reservations: Legal Structure and Practical Implications
type: item
description: This article analyzes the mechanism of reservations to international treaties, which is a necessary legal tool to achieve a balance between the universality of multilateral treaties and the national sovereignty of states. Reservation is defined as a unilateral declaration issued by a state or international organization upon joining a treaty, with the aim of excluding or modifying the legal effect of certain provisions. The article is divided into two main sections. The first section focuses on the concept of reservations and their limits, explaining that reservations to treaties are subject to formal and substantive conditions, the most important of which is that the reservation must be consistent with the subject and purpose of the treaty. As for the second section, it addresses the stance of the other parties on the reservation and its legal effects. The article explains that the fate of the reservation depends on the reaction of the other parties, who can either accept the reservation, leading to the treaty being applied in a modified form between the two parties, or object to it; the objection may either prevent the treaty from coming into effect entirely between the two parties or be limited to excluding only the reserved provision. In conclusion, the article emphasizes that reservations, despite their importance in encouraging more countries to join, may lead to the fragmentation of the treaty's legal system and weaken its unity. The article also recommends the need to achieve a delicate balance between the flexibility of reservations and the integrity of the international legal system, while stressing the importance of transparency and imposing stricter limitations on reservations related to human rights treaties.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Reservations to international treaties; Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties; legal effects of reservations; acceptance of reservations; objection to reservations; integrity of treaties.
  topic: keywords
creator: MOURAD KHELIFA
creator: LIAMINE BENSAADOUNE
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Insurance Law Review https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-18
publication date: 2026-05-18
starting page: 123
ending page: 142
doi: 10.65677/

Addressing Gender Disparities in Physical Education: Strategies for Inclusive Programming
type: item
description: Gender disparities in physical education (PE) are pervasive and often perpetuated by traditional norms, stereotypes, and institutional barriers. This paper explores strategies for addressing gender disparities in PE and promoting inclusive programming that meets the diverse needs and interests of all students. Drawing upon a review of existing literature and empirical studies, the paper examines key factors contributing to gender inequities in PE, including curriculum content, teaching practices, assessment methods, and social dynamics. It highlights the importance of challenging gender stereotypes, promoting gender equity, and creating a supportive and inclusive learning environment where all students feel valued and empowered to participate. The paper also identifies promising practices and innovative approaches for addressing gender disparities in PE, such as gender-neutral curriculum, inclusive teaching strategies, and opportunities for student voice and leadership. Recommendations for educators, policymakers, and stakeholders are provided to support the implementation of gender-inclusive programming in PE and promote equity and social justice in physical education settings. Overall, this paper underscores the importance of recognizing and addressing gender disparities in PE to ensure that all students have equal access to quality physical education and opportunities for lifelong participation in physical activity
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Gender Disparities, Physical Education, Inclusive Programming, Gender Equity, Stereotypes
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Natalie Brooks
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Insurance Law Review https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-18
publication date: 2026-05-18
starting page: 116
ending page: 122
doi: 10.65677/

Populism and the Rise of Secessionist Movements in the European Union: A Geopolitical Analysis of Internal Fragmentation Dynamics
type: item
description: This article examines the relationship between populism and the rise of secessionist movements within the European Union from a geopolitical perspective. It argues that populism should not be understood solely as a reaction to socio-economic grievances or as a challenge to liberal democratic institutions, but rather as a discursive and political mechanism that redefines the boundaries of political community and sovereignty. By mobilizing a binary opposition between “the people” and “the elite,” populist discourse facilitates the reconfiguration of collective identities at the subnational level, thereby enabling the emergence of what this article conceptualizes as “secessionist populism.” Drawing on a qualitative, multi-level analytical framework that combines geopolitical analysis, discourse analysis, and comparative case studies (Catalonia, Scotland, and Flanders), the article demonstrates how populism contributes to transforming secessionist claims from marginal or identity-based demands into politically legitimate and democratically framed projects. It further explores how the European Union, as a system of multi-level governance, inadvertently provides an enabling environment for these dynamics by weakening the mediating role of the nation-state while offering alternative frameworks for political and economic continuity. The article introduces the concept of “internal geopolitical fragmentation” to capture the gradual and non-violent reconfiguration of political space within the EU, driven by democratic processes and subnational actors. It concludes that the interaction between populism and secessionism constitutes a structural challenge to the European integration project, as it destabilizes traditional conceptions of sovereignty, undermines national cohesion, and re-politicizes the foundations of the European political order.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Populism, Secessionist Movements, European Union, Multi-level Governance Geopolitics of Internal Fragmentation
  topic: keywords
creator: Messaoud CHOUIA
creator: Fekhereddine TAACHIT
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Insurance Law Review https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-18
publication date: 2026-05-18
starting page: 98
ending page: 115
doi: 10.65677/

Managerial Accounting Concept and Function
type: item
description: Managerial accounting, a crucial part of firm management, gathers, analyses, and interprets financial data for internal use. Managerial accounting uses financial data to aid internal decision-making, planning, and control. It helps managers allocate resources, evaluate performance, and build strategy by providing relevant, timely, and accurate information. Management accounting data includes budgets, cost assessments, variance reports, and financial statements. Management accounting helps managers plan, monitor, and evaluate the organization's performance to complete their duties. It helps managers make better decisions regarding resource allocation, pricing, expenditure management, and project performance. Accounting for managers helps measure performance by showing how effectively the organisation is meeting its goals.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: managerial accounting, managerial reporting, information systems, information technologies, information Resource
  topic: keywords
creator: Julian Mercer
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Insurance Law Review https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-15
publication date: 2026-05-15
starting page: 68
ending page: 72
doi: 10.65677/

The Principle of Equality in Holding Public Office: A Comparative Study
type: item
description: All state institutions play an important role in serving society and citizens through the regular and continuous operation of public services. This is achieved by organizing work within institutions, bodies, and departments to serve the public interest. These institutions are managed by individuals known as public employees. The state, as a legal entity, is essentially a group of individuals working on its behalf, bearing its responsibilities, and carrying out its activities. The state and its dependent institutions are considered public legal persons. The prosperity and effectiveness of a state depend on the efficiency, knowledge, and competence of its public employees. It is often said that when a nation is described as civilized and advanced, it is due to the quality of its public employees; when described as underdeveloped, it is likewise due to their inefficiency. In a vivid analogy, it has been said: “The public employee is nothing but a speaking law, while the law is but a silent employee.” Holding a public position requires several general and specific conditions. Anyone who meets them has the right to be listed among candidates in accordance with the principle of equality.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
creator: Chaker Slimane
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Insurance Law Review https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-15
publication date: 2026-05-15
starting page: 63
ending page: 67

Environmental Administrative Decisions: A Fundamental Legal Study
type: item
description: This scientific article aims to define the concepts relating to environmental administration, with particular focus on administrative decisions as one of the most important mechanisms for regulating environmental administrative action. This is achieved through a systematic examination of environmental administrative decisions, which play a significant role in the protection of the environment and in entrenching the principle of environmental safety as enshrined in the Algerian Constitution of 2020, by highlighting the available environmental administrative instruments. These instruments encompass a body of administrative, constitutional, and legal rules and procedures that regulate the relationship between humanity and the environment — including its elements of air, water, and soil — in order to guarantee environmental safety and ensure the continuity of life in a sound environment, objectives that are attainable only through the adoption of sound environmental administrative decisions that govern this domain.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Decisions; Administration; Control; Humans; Air; Water; Soil; Environment; Administrative Decision; Legality; Competence.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. MEBKHOUTI Mohammed
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Insurance Law Review https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-13
publication date: 2026-05-13
starting page: 53
ending page: 62
doi: 10.65677/

Insurance Fraud Offense in the Algerian and American Systems: Between Theory and Application in Determining Criminal Liability Rules
type: item
description: The crime of fraud and deceit in the field of insurance is among the most dangerous newly emerging offenses that threaten both the public and private sectors. This is because it does not affect only insurance companies ; rather, its harmful consequences spread to policyholders and to society as a whole. Fraud in insurance, in both the Algerian and American systems, revolves around the idea of resorting to fraudulent methods and techniques in order to exploit insurance contracts, with the aim of obtaining an unjust, unlawful profit, and it is given a criminal description. When discussing the rules for implementing and establishing criminal liability for the crime of insurance fraud and deceit in these two pieces of legislation, we find that there is a divergence between them in terms of the legislative approach. Thus, whereas the Algerian legislator limits itself to the general rules for classifying the act as fraud and deceit, the American system has devoted an independent and stringent legal arsenal to distinguish between civil and criminal fraud concerning these undesired behaviors in the insurance field. This is what will be studied in this article between theory and practice, in determining the provisions governing criminal liability.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Fraud and deceit ; insurance fraud ; insurance companies ; criminal liability ; the Algerian legal system ; the American legal system]
  topic: keywords
creator: Zian Mohamed Amine
creator: PhD. Bouamra Okba
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Insurance Law Review https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-22
publication date: 2025-10-22
starting page: 122
ending page: 137
doi: 10.65677/

Digital Marketing Automation and Sentiment Analysis Using NLP in Business Communication
type: item
description: The confluence of digital marketing automation platforms and natural language processing technologies has fundamentally transformed how organizations analyze, generate, and respond to business communications at scale, creating both unprecedented opportunities for personalization and efficiency and novel challenges related to sentiment accuracy, context preservation, and ethical deployment of algorithmic decision systems in customer-facing interactions. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation of NLP-driven sentiment analysis integration with digital marketing automation workflows across a multi-industry dataset comprising 2.3 million customer communication records from e-commerce, financial services, hospitality, and healthcare sectors. We develop and evaluate a hybrid transformer-based sentiment classification architecture that combines domain-adaptive fine-tuning of BERT with lexicon-augmented rule systems to address the domain-specificity and context-dependency limitations of general-purpose sentiment models in professional business communication contexts. The proposed architecture achieves sentiment classification accuracy of 91.7 percent on a curated multi-domain benchmark, representing an improvement of 8.4 percentage points over vanilla BERT and 14.2 percentage points over traditional lexicon-based approaches. Integration of the sentiment analysis pipeline with marketing automation triggers is evaluated through a randomized controlled trial across 180,000 customer interaction records, demonstrating statistically significant improvements in email open rates, conversion rates, and customer satisfaction scores when sentiment-adaptive automation logic replaces uniform rule-based triggers. The analysis further examines the ethical dimensions of automated sentiment analysis in business communication, including bias amplification risks, transparency obligations, and the appropriate scope of algorithmic autonomy in customer relationship management.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Natural Language Processing, Sentiment Analysis, Digital Marketing Automation, BERT, Transformer Models, Customer Communication, Marketing Technology, Text Classification, Business Intelligence, Customer Relationship Management
creator: Dr. Satish Gopichand Athawale
creator: Dr. Vikesh Kashyap
creator: Dr. Amrita Singh
creator: Prof. Munianjinappa.K
creator: AKANSH GARG
creator: Aparna Vajpayee
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Insurance Law Review https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-12
publication date: 2026-05-12
starting page: 491
ending page: 500
doi: 10.65677/iilr.359

The Role of Digital Capabilities in Driving Marketing Innovation and Business Performance: Evidence from Indian SMEs
type: item
description: This study investigates the role of digital capabilities in enhancing the business performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in India, with a specific focus on how digital capabilities influence performance outcomes, their relationship with marketing innovation, the mediating role of marketing innovation, and the moderating influence of competition intensity. Although India's digital ecosystem has expanded dramatically driven by flagship initiatives such as Digital India, Start-up India, and the MSME digitalization agenda many Indian SMEs continue to face significant barriers including limited financial resources, inadequate digital infrastructure, and a shortage of skilled digital talent. Primary data were gathered from 385 retail and service-sector SMEs registered under the Udyam Registration Portal of the Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MoMSME), and analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS 4.0. The findings reveal that digital capabilities employ a significant positive influence on SME business performance and serve as a key driver of marketing innovation. Marketing innovation partially mediates the relationship between digital capabilities and performance. However, competition intensity does not significantly moderate the link between digital capabilities and business performance. These results highlight the commanding for Indian SMEs to invest in digital transformation, strengthen workforce digital literacy, and develop strategic governance frameworks to convert digital capabilities into sustained competitive advantages. This study contributes theoretically by extending the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Dynamic Capabilities Theory (DCT) in the context of Indian SMEs and digitally emerging economies
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital Capabilities, Marketing Innovation, SME Performance, Digital Transformation, Indian MSMEs, PLS-SEM
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Sandeep Dongre
creator: Dr. Smitha Sambrani
creator: Saji George
creator: Rajiv Kumar Agarwal
creator: Rajkiran Prabhakar
creator: Ahmad Azhar
creator: Dr. Shweta
creator: Alok Gupta
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Insurance Law Review https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-30
publication date: 2026-05-30
starting page: 73
ending page: 97

International responsibility for the use of military drones : between the Legal vacuum and the inevitability of a transitional phase in the development of international law
type: item
description: This study addresses the issue of international responsibility for the use of military drones in light of the rapid technological transformation occurring in the field of armed conflicts, where these devices have evolved from mere reconnaissance tools to advanced combat systems relying on artificial intelligence. The study highlights the absence of a specific international legal framework regulating their use, despite their subjection, in principle, to the rules of international humanitarian law, particularly the principles of distinction, proportionality, and military and humanitarian necessity. It also discusses the jurisprudential divide between a school of thought advocating for a preemptive ban due to the risks of technological autonomy, and another supporting controlled use within the framework of existing rules. The study sheds light on the problem of the responsibility gap resulting from the difficulty of attributing actions to a specific actor under autonomous systems, and concludes that the current rules, despite their existence, face significant challenges in implementation.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: International responsibility
  topic: keywords
subject: military drones
  topic: keywords
subject: artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: international law
  topic: keywords
subject: autonomous operation.
  topic: keywords
creator: Rebaia Radouane
creator: Boucetta Zahredine
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Insurance Law Review https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-04-28
publication date: 2026-04-28
starting page: 35
ending page: 52
doi: 10.65677/

City of God and Ethical Citizenship
type: item
description: Set against the decline of the Roman Empire, the thought of Saint Augustine, as expressed in The City of God, presents history as a tension between the divine and the earthly cities, defined by moral purpose as opposed to political or ethnic identity. Knowledge is rooted in self-awareness, while the state is viewed as a necessary but imperfect institution, and true citizenship lies in a dual allegiance to temporal authority and divine order, grounded in moral values such as love, justice, and peace. In dialogue with Stoicism, this vision affirms a universal model of citizenship shaped by ethical commitment.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Saint Augustine
  topic: keywords
subject: The City of God
  topic: keywords
subject: citizenship
  topic: keywords
subject: divine law
  topic: keywords
subject: political theology
  topic: keywords
subject: ethics
  topic: keywords
subject: Stoicism
  topic: keywords
subject: moral values
  topic: keywords
creator: ‏‎ Dr. Kefif Kadhi Fatima Zohra
creator: Dr. Bendoucha Charif Dine
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Insurance Law Review https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-04-16
publication date: 2026-04-16
starting page: 25
ending page: 34
doi: 10.65677/

Law and Social Change: The Impact of Legislation on Gender Equality
type: item
description: In the context of gender equality, the study of the intricate relationship that exists between the law and social change is an extremely important field of research. the influence that legislative actions have had on the advancement of gender equality, as well as the investigation of the ways in which legal reforms have contributed to the modification of societal norms and the enhancement of the position of women in various locations. To begin, a review of historical and contemporary legislation that has been enacted with the intention of advancing gender equality is presented. This examination includes major laws and policies that have been enacted at both the national and international levels. Anti-discrimination laws, the Equal Pay Act, and international treaties such as the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) are all examples of laws that have been passed to combat discrimination. A considerable contribution has been made by these legislative frameworks in resolving gender inequities in a variety of fields, such as employment, education, and political involvement, among others.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Gender Equality, Legal Reforms, Social Change, Legislative Impact
  topic: keywords
creator: Advay Prithvansh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Insurance Law Review https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-04-13
publication date: 2026-04-13
starting page: 19
ending page: 24

The Legal Architecture of Digital Agreements: A Comprehensive Examination of Contracts and Obligations in Electronic Commerce
type: item
description: The digital revolution has fundamentally transformed the landscape of commercial transactions, presenting unprecedented challenges and opportunities for legal systems worldwide. This comprehensive academic intervention provides an in-depth analysis of the legal frameworks governing electronic contracts, with particular emphasis on the formation, validity, enforceability, and performance of digital agreements. Drawing extensively on international instruments including the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce, the E-Sign Act, the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act, and the EU's e-Commerce Directive, this paper examines the rights and obligations of parties in electronic commerce. The intervention also addresses critical issues of consumer protection, comparative legal approaches across jurisdictions, emerging technological challenges including blockchain and artificial intelligence, and identifies significant legal gaps that require urgent legislative attention.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Electronic contracts, digital commerce, consumer protection, digital signatures, contract formation, electronic commerce law, functional equivalence, technological neutrality
  topic: keywords
creator: NOUIRI Samia
creator: BOURDIMA Meriem
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Insurance Law Review https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-04-13
publication date: 2026-04-13
starting page: 1
ending page: 18

Honorary Ranks for CAPFs: A Comparative Study of Military–Paramilitary Welfare Parity in India
type: item
description: The Indian security framework is broadly divided between the Armed Forces under the Ministry of Defence (MoD) and the Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs) under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). While both contribute significantly to national security, welfare entitlements and recognition frameworks available to personnel differ sharply. A prominent area of divergence is the provision of Honorary Ranks, a long-standing tradition in the Indian Army that publicly acknowledges the service, sacrifice, and seniority of soldiers upon retirement. CAPF personnel, despite facing comparable operational risks, harsh service conditions, and extended field deployments, do not receive any form of honorary rank at the end of service—even when many retire with grade pays substantially higher than their last-held designated rank due to the MACP (Modified Assured Career Progression) scheme. This research paper examines this disparity by conducting a comparative analysis of the welfare, administrative, pension, and recognition frameworks governing the Armed Forces and CAPFs. Using secondary data from the Bureau of Police Research & Development (BPR&D), Ministry of Home Affairs reports, Parliamentary Committee observations, and statutory rules governing service conditions, the study highlights how rank stagnation, hierarchy saturation, and the absence of an honorary rank policy undermine the post-retirement dignity and employability of CAPF personnel. The findings demonstrate that CAPFs, despite serving longer tenures with higher deployment stress, remain institutionally disadvantaged due to the lack of formalized recognition systems available to military veterans. The paper argues that granting honorary ranks based on final grade pay at retirement is administratively feasible, legally sound, and crucial for bridging long-standing welfare inequities. It proposes a policy framework for introducing Honorary Ranks within CAPFs, supported by doctrinal principles of administrative justice,…
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: CAPFs
  topic: keywords
subject: Honorary Rank
  topic: keywords
subject: Parity
  topic: keywords
subject: Military Welfare
  topic: keywords
subject: Grade Pay
  topic: keywords
subject: MACP
  topic: keywords
subject: NPS
  topic: keywords
subject: Service Recognition
  topic: keywords
subject: Administrative Justice
  topic: keywords
subject: Welfare Policy
  topic: keywords
creator: Payal Arya
creator: Dr. Pranay Kumar Aditya
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Insurance Law Review https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-02-03
publication date: 2026-02-03
starting page: 469
ending page: 490
doi: 10.65677/345

Marketing and Consumer Engagement for Circularity
type: item
description: This paper investigates the importance of marketing strategies in driving and popularizing circular economic practices through changing consumers' behavior of recycling, reusing or repurposing products. Some sensitize themselves to the prevention of waste and suggest ad hoc campaigns for specific publicity to bring environmental benefits and economic benefits in favor of promulgating a kind of circular economy. The project resilience study hopes to motivate wider adoption of responsible environmental behaviors. In parallel uses influencer collaborations, brand partnerships and experiential events. Case studies in the paper also provide practical examples of what companies did to introduce circularity into their marketing and offer courses on driving sustainable consumer behaviors. Finally, the research looks at how social media and digital platforms can promote sustainability by driving consciousness and community-building. Sentiment analysis is used in social discussions and responses from customers to identify public sentiment which can be used by the marketers to adjust your messaging, contrary to confirmation bias. This research provides concrete evidence with the case study how eco wear impact the economy, with cost benefits, data-based strategies to increase consumer engagement and help us move toward a sustainable circular economy.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Analyzing Consumer Sentiment
  topic: keywords
subject: Circular economy
  topic: keywords
subject: consumer initiative
  topic: keywords
subject: Consumer Practices
  topic: keywords
subject: Eco-Wear
  topic: keywords
subject: Engaging Consumers
  topic: keywords
subject: Reducing Waste
  topic: keywords
subject: Re-use
  topic: keywords
subject: Strategic Marketing
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. M. Sudha
creator: Dr. C. Kandasamy
creator: Dr. U. Jawahar Supraveen
creator: Niranchana Shri Viswanathan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Insurance Law Review https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-04-16
publication date: 2026-04-16
starting page: 452
ending page: 468
doi: 10.65677/iilr.344

AI-driven augmented reality for immersive hospitality and tourism experiences
type: item
description: Integrating artificial intelligence (AI), virtual reality (VR), and augmented reality (AR) has significantly transformed businesses worldwide. However, there is a lack of comprehensive studies in this field. This research aims to examine how AI-driven AR and VR technologies influence consumer decision-making process in the hospitality and tourism sectors, with a focus on their impact on customer engagement and purchase confidence and how they will change the industry, particularly, the use of devices like Apple’s Vision Pro, a spatial computing headset that integrates augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and artificial intelligence (AI) to create immersive, interactive digital experiences. The device lets traveler’s experience immersive previews of destinations and accommodations, improving consumer confidence and engagement. This leads to purchasing behaviour and strengthens the bond between the consumer and the service provider; additionally, AI-driven customisations generate content that matches individual preferences, thereby increasing satisfaction. By integrating multiple data sources (e.g., research literature and expert opinions), we found that early adopters of these technologies are likely to gain a significant competitive advantage. They can differentiate themselves in hospitality and tourism by offering interactive experiences that boost bookings and brand loyalty. Customers increasingly expect reliability, empathy, and personalized service at every stage of their experience. This research fills the gap by providing empirical evidence on how immersive AI-driven experiences influence consumer behaviour, decision-making, and brand perception. However, implications and challenges such as high implementation costs and the need for a user-friendly design persist. As AI, VR, and AR become more accessible, their role in hospitality and tourism is expected to grow, reshaping how travellers interact with services and make informed choices.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Augmented reality, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, tourism, hospitality, consumer behaviour
  topic: keywords
creator: Sheila Capodanno
creator: Syed Mahmood Ahmed
creator: Claudia De Luca
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Insurance Law Review https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-03-07
publication date: 2026-03-07
starting page: 418
ending page: 432
doi: 10.65677/iilr.34.S1.29

Understanding Gendered Perspectives of Experiential Marketing in Generation Z
type: item
description: This study investigates the experiential perception of buying behavior among Generation Z, focusing on gender differences using an independent t-test analysis. The primary objective is to understand the gendered perspectives of experiential marketing within Gen Z consumers. The research utilizes primary data collected from 654 respondents, comprising 467 males and 177 females, all belonging to Generation Z.T test is used for checking significance level.The findings reveal that customer satisfaction correlates more strongly with females than males across several experiential marketing dimensions, including smell, act, sense, feel, word-of-mouth (WOM), and willingness to purchase. These results suggest that female consumers in Gen Z may respond more positively to sensory and emotional elements of experiential marketing, which in turn influences their buying decisions more significantly compared to their male counterparts. Despite these insights, the study is limited by its cross-sectional design, which restricts the ability to draw conclusions over time. Therefore, the generalizability of the findings may be enhanced by future longitudinal studies that track experiential perception and buying behavior trends over extended periods. Additionally, the study opens avenues for further research from the marketers’ perspective, exploring how experiential marketing strategies can be optimized to cater to the nuanced preferences of different gender groups within Gen Z. Such investigations could provide valuable insights for creating targeted, gender-sensitive marketing campaigns that effectively engage this influential consumer segment.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Experiential Marketing
  topic: keywords
subject: Perception
  topic: keywords
subject: Gen Z
  topic: keywords
subject: Male
  topic: keywords
subject: Female
  topic: keywords
creator: Prof. (Dr.) Madhu Arora
creator: Dr. Amit Kumar
creator: Dr. Anurag Tiruwa
creator: Prof. (Dr.) Poonam Khurana
creator: Dr. Ruchi Srivastava
creator: Dr. Priya Sharma
creator: Swati Verma
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Insurance Law Review https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-02-16
publication date: 2026-02-16
starting page: 408
ending page: 417
doi: 10.65677/iilr.335

Constitutional Validity of AI-Based Surveillance in India: Privacy vs. National Security
type: item
description: India’s rapid adoption of artificial intelligence (AI)-powered surveillance technologies has ignited a fierce constitutional debate about the balance between individual privacy rights and state-driven national security imperatives. Since 2019, the government has deployed facial recognition systems in major railway stations, integrated AI into urban policing, and announced plans to launch 50 AI-powered satellites for surveillance14. These developments occur against a backdrop of inadequate legal safeguards, raising critical questions about compliance with the Supreme Court’s landmark Puttaswamy judgment (2017), which recognized privacy as a fundamental right under Article 21 of the Constitution27. This report examines the constitutional validity of AI surveillance frameworks, analyzes the tension between privacy and security, and proposes reforms to reconcile these competing interests within India’s democratic framework.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: landmark Puttaswamy judgment
  topic: keywords
subject: competing interests
  topic: keywords
subject: democratic framework
  topic: keywords
creator: Ms. Arushi
creator: Dr. Dakshita Sangwan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Insurance Law Review https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-02-12
publication date: 2026-02-12
starting page: 355
ending page: 359
doi: 10.65677/iilr.333

Next-Generation Sequencing and Artificial Intelligence in Prenatal Down Syndrome Screening: Legal and Regulatory Implications for Health Insurance, Medical Liability, and Genetic Data Protection
type: item
description: The integration of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and AI have made Down syndrome prenatal screening earlier, more accurate, and non-invasive. These technologies offer better therapeutic outcomes and less diagnostic uncertainty, but widespread implementation poses difficult legal, ethical, and insurance issues. This research critically investigates how AI-assisted NGS-based prenatal screening affects health insurance coverage, medical and institutional liability, and genetic data protection. Predictive genomic data challenges risk pooling and non-discrimination in insurance legislation, especially when insurers employ prenatal genetic information in underwriting or coverage decisions. The study also examines professional liability, including diagnostic errors caused by algorithmic bias, system failure, or poor human oversight, and AI-driven genomic tool-based clinician and healthcare provider standards of care. The study also discusses GDPR and similar national laws' effects on genetic data privacy, informed consent, data ownership, and cross-border data transfer. This comparative and interdisciplinary study shows that AI-enabled prenatal genetic screening requires strong regulatory safeguards, explicit liability allocation mechanisms, and insurance changes to assure ethical, lawful, and equitable use. The report closes with policy recommendations to balance technological innovation, patient rights, legal accountability, and data security.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Next-Generation Sequencing
  topic: keywords
subject: Prenatal Screening
  topic: keywords
subject: Down Syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: Health Insurance Law
  topic: keywords
subject: Medical Liability
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr Babymol Kurian
creator: Bhuvan Unhelkar
creator: Dr.Siva Shankar S
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Insurance Law Review https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-02-12
publication date: 2026-02-12
starting page: 342
ending page: 354
doi: 10.65677/iilr.332

Quantum Enhanced Machine Learning Model for the Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease
type: item
description: Alzheimer’s is a progressive and degenerative brain disorder causing impairment in memory and cognitive function. It is the most common form of Dementia and the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) increases with each decade of life. This usually starts in late middle age to old age resulting in progressive memory loss, impaired thinking, disorientation and changes in personality. Neurons are first lost in the hippocampus (the brain’s centre for memory and learning), and presence of neurofibrillary tangles and plaques containing beta-amyloid cells. Owing to the progressive nature of the disease and the complex structure of the brain, the exact causes, mechanisms and how Alzheimer’s spread is not completely understood thereby inhibiting in the production of a cure for the disease. Quantum Machine Learning (QML) is a promising area of research for the detection and diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. PET scan helps in diagnosing Alzheimer’s by detecting the amyloid plaques and tau tangles. It reveals areas with reduced metabolism, which helps differentiate Alzheimer’s from other conditions. Quantum computing provides a more efficient model for different disease classification tasks than classical machine learning approaches. In this study, we propose a model based on quantum machine learning classifiers to classify Alzheimer’s disease. This showcases the feasibility of Quantum enhanced classification and detection of AD for extremely limited medical datasets.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Alzheimer’s disease
  topic: keywords
subject: Pet Imaging
  topic: keywords
subject: Convolutional Neural Network
  topic: keywords
subject: Quantum Machine Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Quantum Support Vector Machine
  topic: keywords
subject: hybrid Quantum classical model
  topic: keywords
creator: Nancy Noella R S
creator: Bhuvanesh Unhelkar
creator: Siva Shankar Subramanian
creator: G Nagarajan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Insurance Law Review https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-02-12
publication date: 2026-02-12
starting page: 331
ending page: 341
doi: 10.65677/iilr.331

DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN INSURANCE COMMERCE: CONSUMER ADOPTION PATTERNS AND MARKET IMPLICATIONS
type: item
description: The insurance industry is experiencing a fundamental transformation driven by digital technologies, changing consumer expectations, and competitive pressures from InsurTech start-ups. This research examines consumer adoption patterns of digital insurance channels, analyses the technological drivers of transformation, and evaluates market implications for traditional insurers. Through analysis of industry data and consumer behavior studies, this paper reveals that while 67% of insurance firms have accelerated digital transformation initiatives, only approximately 10% of consumers complete the entire insurance purchasing journey through digital channels. The research identifies key barriers to adoption, explores emerging technologies reshaping the sector, and provides strategic recommendations for insurers navigating this transition.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital transformation
  topic: keywords
subject: insurance technology
  topic: keywords
subject: consumer adoption
  topic: keywords
subject: Insure Tech
  topic: keywords
subject: artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: customer experience
  topic: keywords
subject: digital channels
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr SHANTHI P
creator: Dr M SURESH
creator: Dr. B. BHAVYA
creator: Dr. DHIVYA SATHISH
creator: Dr. SUNDARAPANDIYAN NATARAJAN
creator: Dr. DEEPIKA M
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Insurance Law Review https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-02-12
publication date: 2026-02-12
starting page: 379
ending page: 395
doi: 10.65677/iilr.330

Portfolio Optimization under Uncertainty: Evidence from Behavioural Biases and Risk-Adjusted Performance
type: item
description: Portfolio optimization under uncertainty remains a critical challenge in modern finance, particularly when cognitive biases and behavioral factors distort rational decision-making. Traditional mean-variance optimization models assume investor rationality, yet empirical evidence demonstrates that loss aversion, herding behavior, and probability weighting significantly influence asset allocation choices. This study examines how behavioral biases interact with uncertainty to shape portfolio construction and performance. Drawing on prospect theory and behavioral portfolio theory, we investigate three key dimensions: (1) the relationship between loss aversion and portfolio risk tolerance, (2) the effect of herding behavior on diversification patterns, and (3) how probability distortions impact optimal asset weighting under market volatility. Using correlation and regression analysis on data from 450 retail and institutional investors, findings reveal that loss aversion (r = 0.51) and herding (r = 0.48) are the most significant behavioral predictors of suboptimal portfolio composition, while biases collectively account for 58% of variance in risk-adjusted returns. These insights challenge classical financial assumptions and provide practical guidance for behavioral-adjusted portfolio management strategies that enhance performance under uncertainty. This research bridges behavioral finance theory with practical portfolio optimization, offering evidence-based recommendations for investors and asset managers navigating complex financial environments.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Behavioral Finance, Risk adjusted returns, loss aversion and herding behavior
  topic: keywords
creator: Mahabub Basha S
creator: P. R. Madhu Shree
creator: K. Kaleeswaran
creator: Rahul R Kurup
creator: Vishnu Govindan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Insurance Law Review https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-02-05
publication date: 2026-02-05
starting page: 360
ending page: 378
doi: 10.65677/iilr.34.S1.25

Digital Banking and Customer Financial Behavior
type: item
description: The rapid expansion of digital banking has fundamentally transformed the way individuals interact with financial institutions and manage their personal finances. This review article critically examines contemporary literature published between 2019 and 2026 to analyze the impact of digital banking adoption on customer financial behavior. Drawing on insights from behavioral finance, technology acceptance theories, and socio-economic perspectives, the study synthesizes existing research on how digital banking influences saving, spending, borrowing, and payment behaviors. The review reveals that digital banking enhances convenience, accessibility, and real-time financial awareness, thereby increasing customer engagement with formal financial systems. However, the findings also highlight mixed behavioral outcomes, with evidence of both improved financial planning and heightened risks of impulsive spending, over-borrowing, and reduced self-control. Psychological factors such as cognitive biases, trust, and perceived risk, along with technological features like interface design, automation, and digital nudges, play a crucial mediating role in shaping these behaviors. Additionally, socio-economic characteristics and digital literacy levels significantly moderate behavioral responses to digital banking. The review identifies key gaps in the literature, particularly the lack of integrative frameworks that simultaneously address technological, psychological, and socio-economic dimensions of financial behavior. The study concludes that digital banking is not behaviorally neutral and emphasizes the need for responsible digital design, consumer protection, and inclusive policies to ensure that digital banking contributes to sustainable financial well-being.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital Banking; Customer Financial Behavior; Behavioral Finance; Financial Decision-Making; Digital Payments; Financial Inclusion; Consumer Finance
  topic: keywords
creator: Rakesh
creator: Mandeep Berwal
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Insurance Law Review https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 1096
ending page: 1104
doi: 10.65677/iilr.33.S5.70

A Cross-Platform Model of Audience Perception Toward Social Media Advertising: The Role of Format, Personalization, and Platform Context
type: item
description: This study investigates how various audience segments view social media advertising. The study investigates the ways in which several demographic groups react to different advertising tactics on social media sites like LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and TikTok. The study examines elements that impact customer perception, such as ad type, platform context, personalization, and content relevancy, using both primary and secondary data. The results show notable differences in perception according on platform choices, age, and digital proficiency, which has significant ramifications for marketers looking to maximize the efficacy of their ads. The findings show that while intrusive formats and over-personalization frequently elicit unfavorable reactions from audiences, transparency, genuine messaging, and value-oriented content greatly enhance audience receptivity to social media advertising. The research contributes to understanding the evolving relationship between consumers and digital advertisers in the increasingly saturated social media landscape.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social media advertising, consumer perception, digital marketing, advertising effectiveness, personalization, audience engagement
  topic: keywords
creator: Neha Arora
creator: Sandhya Maitra
creator: Shikha Patheja
creator: Nikita Anand
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 International Insurance Law Review https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 1085
ending page: 1095
doi: 10.65677/iilr.33.S5.69

A Quantum Cryptography Framework for Enhancing the Security in Wireless IoT Networks
type: item
description: The resource limitations of IoT nodes and the vulnerability of wireless channels to cyberattacks and snooping, the quick spread of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in wireless surroundings has created serious challenges to data security and privacy. The development of quantum computing, which can meritoriously crack classical encryption, is posing a growing threat to recognized cryptographic techniques like RSA and ECC. By applying concepts from quantum mechanics like predicament cloning, quantum cryptography, in particular Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), provides tentatively unbreakable security. In order to integrate lightweight quantum key exchange with traditional IoT communication protocols, this paper proposes a comprehensive Quantum Cryptography Framework (QCF) exactly designed for Wireless IoT networks. The framework is made to preserve energy efficiency while certifying forward secrecy, confidentiality, integrity, and authentication. A performance evaluation in terms of latency, throughput, and resistance to quantum attacks supports our discussion of the architecture, working mechanism, and implementation deliberations. The findings show that, when compared to traditional encryption methods, the suggested QCF greatly improves the security of wireless IoT systems, certifying resilience against oppositional models of the future.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Quantum Cryptography, Internet of Things (IoT), Wireless IoT, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), Network Security, Lightweight Cryptography, Post-Quantum Security
  topic: keywords
creator: A. Jemshia Miriam
creator: Bhuvan Unhelkar
creator: Siva Shankar
creator: Nagarajan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Insurance Law Review https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-02-05
publication date: 2026-02-05
starting page: 319
ending page: 330
doi: 10.65677/iilr.34.S1.21

Quantum Cryptanalysis: A Survey of Threats and Post-Quantum Countermeasures
type: item
description: Quantum computing will revolutionize the power of computation, solving problems that currently have no solution classically. Such a jump in computational power presents an existential threat to modern cryptography, particularly public-key systems that rely on factoring and discrete logarithmic problems. This paper presents the emerging area of PQC countermeasures and gives a survey of quantum cryptanalysis methods. A literature review of progress from 2010 to 2025 is also provided, specifically addressing the advancement of algorithms, standards and applications. For universal security of data in the quantum age, they add, it will be critical to transition to quantum-resistant infrastructures.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Quantum cryptanalysis, Shor’s algorithm, Post-quantum cryptography, Lattice cryptography, NIST PQC, Quantum threat, Quantum algorithms.
  topic: keywords
creator: Raja Shree
creator: Bhuvan Unhelkar
creator: Siva Shankar
creator: Nagarajan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Insurance Law Review https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-02-05
publication date: 2026-02-05
starting page: 309
ending page: 318
doi: 10.65677/iilr.34.S1.20

Impact of Music Familiarity and Emotional Response on Consumer Brand Engagement: An Empirical Study
type: item
description: Music has turned into an essential part of the contemporary brand communication and has capacity to impact consumer perceptions, emotional reactions and the levels of engagement. This is an empirical research on how consumer brand engagement is influenced by music-related factors. In particular, the research determines how music familiarity, music-brand fit, music emotional reaction, and music perceived credibility affect consumer brand engagement. A quantitative research design was used and primary data was taken among 200 consumers by using structured questionnaire on the basis of five-point Likert scale. Cronbach alpha coefficients were found to be greater than 0.70, and this was used to validate reliability and validity of the instrument. The SPSS was used to analyse the data by applying descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and simple linear regression methods. The results indicate that the four independent variables have a statistically significant and positive effect on consumer brand engagement. The strongest predictor has been defined as emotional response to music, then music-brand personality fit, music familiarity and perceived music credibility. The paper comes to the conclusion that the music that is carefully chosen and emotionally motivated can greatly increase the consumer interest in brands, which can be useful to marketers and brand managers.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Music Familiarity
  topic: keywords
subject: Emotional Response
  topic: keywords
subject: Music–Brand Fit
  topic: keywords
subject: Perceived Music Credibility
  topic: keywords
subject: Consumer Brand Engagement
  topic: keywords
creator: V. Ramadevi
creator: Dwaram VJ Lakshmi
creator: Dr. U. Himabindu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Insurance Law Review https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 298
ending page: 308
doi: 10.65677/iilr.34.S1.19

Digital Arrest in the Cyber World: Legal Challenges and the Quest for Justice
type: item
description: In the digital age, the rise of cybercrime has posed significant challenges for law enforcement and the legal framework in India, the concept of digital arrest, defined as the apprehension of individuals suspected of cyber offenses through digital means and the inadequacies of existing legal provisions under the Information Technology Act, 2000, and the Bhartiya Naya Sanhita, 2023, in addressing the convolutions of cybercrime, the critical role of law enforcement agencies in combatting these offenses, emphasising the need for capacity building and inter-agency collaboration. It advocates for wide-ranging legislative reforms, enhanced public awareness, and a balanced approach to ensure justice while protecting individual rights, this seeks to contribute to the ongoing discourse on legal challenges in the cyber territory and the quest for justice in an increasingly digitised society.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital Arrest
  topic: keywords
subject: Cybercrime
  topic: keywords
subject: Law Enforcement
  topic: keywords
subject: Cyber-security
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Evidence
  topic: keywords
creator: Akshay Jain
creator: Jainendra Kumar Sharma
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Insurance Law Review https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
starting page: 285
ending page: 297
doi: 10.65677/iilr.34.S1.18

Safeguarding Consumer Data in Digital Insurance: Legal Frameworks and Ethical Imperatives
type: item
description: The insurance industry is one of the industries that are digitally evolving at a high pace; therefore, harvesting and processing sensitive consumer information has become critical issues concerning privacy, security, and the moral mandate. This study explores the possibilities of combining legal frameworks and ethical requirements with technical protective measures to secure consumer information in the digital insurance providers. Conceptual and simulation-based approach was taken by applying synthetic insurance data applying four common data protection algorithms: Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Rivest -Shamir-Adleman (RSA), k-anonymity, and differential privacy. The experimental results show that AES has a high data confidentiality rate of 99.8 per cent as well as low processing latency whereas RSA offers secure authentication rate of 98.6 per cent and attack resistance. Privacy-preserving analytics had a lower chance of re-identification of 8.5 with k-anonymity and 2.1 with differential privacy but with a slight decrease in the data utility. The outcomes of the ethical assessment showed that the highest score of the ethical compliance (9.3/10) was achieved by the methodology of differential privacy, which outcompeted the traditional security-only approaches. The comparative analysis with related work has shown that overall security, privacy, and ethical alignment scores went from 8.1, 7.4 and 7.0 to 9.2, 8.9 and 9.1 this way, due to the proposed integrated safeguarding. The results highlight the importance of a multi-layered solution that provides legal adherence, ethical governance, and advanced technical systems in order to provide credible and sustainable digital insurance systems.
subject: Original Research Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital Insurance, Consumer Data Protection, Privacy Preservation, Ethical Governance, Legal Frameworks
  topic: keywords
creator: N. Bargavi
creator: Satish Gopichand Athawale
creator: Keerthi Amistapuram
creator: Avinash Reddy Aitha
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 International Insurance Law Review https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-01-27
publication date: 2026-01-27
starting page: 272
ending page: 284
doi: 10.65677/iilr.34.S1.17